◈ COST Action Proposal · Open Call 2026

RADFREE-SPINE

European Network for Radiation-Free Spinal Deformity Assessment and Monitoring

15+
Countries
4
Years
3
Working Groups
€600K
Est. Budget

Adolescent scoliosis monitoring relies on repeated radiation

Adolescent idiopathic scoliosis affects 2–4% of children worldwide. Current monitoring demands repeated full-spine radiographs throughout growth, accumulating ionising radiation during one of the most radiosensitive periods of life.

2–4%

Global prevalence of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis [1]

10–25

Full-spine radiographs per patient during growth [2]

1–2%

Estimated excess lifetime breast cancer risk from cumulative radiation [3]

0

European consensus guidelines for radiation-free assessment pathways

Six validated technology domains

Each technology captures a unique dimension of spinal deformity that radiography alone cannot provide. RADFREE-SPINE aims to standardise their combined clinical use.

3D Ultrasound Imaging

Volumetric reconstruction of posterior vertebral elements enables coronal and sagittal curve measurement without ionising radiation.

e.g. Scolioscan, Scolioscan Air (Telefield Medical Imaging)

Surface Topography

Three-dimensional trunk surface reconstruction via structured light or rasterstereography quantifies asymmetry, rotation, and sagittal profile.

e.g. DIERS Formetric 4D, BIOMOD-3S (AXS Medical), structured-light & laser scanner systems

Electromechanical Spinal Measurement

Skin-surface devices guided along the spinous processes measure segmental inclination to calculate sagittal and frontal plane curvatures and mobility.

e.g. Idiag M360 (SpinalMouse), Epionics SPINE

Gait Analysis & Pedobarography

Wearable inertial sensors and force-platform systems quantify postural control, gait symmetry, and plantar load distribution affected by spinal deformity.

e.g. BTS G-Walk, Xsens, APDM Mobility Lab (IMU gait); Zebris, RSscan, Novel, Tekscan (pedobarography)

Surface Electromyography

Wireless sEMG captures paraspinal and trunk muscle activation patterns, asymmetry indices, and neuromuscular fatigue profiles relevant to curve progression.

e.g. Delsys Trigno, Noraxon Ultium, BTS FreeEMG, Cometa Wave, Myon aktos, PLUX biosignalsplux

Clinical Assessment Tools

Low-cost, widely accessible screening instruments that quantify trunk rotation, postural indices, and surface asymmetry without imaging equipment.

Scoliometer, digital photogrammetry (POTSI, WRVAS)

RADFREE-SPINE welcomes all radiation-free spinal assessment technologies and is not limited to the devices listed above.

Three Working Groups

Each Working Group addresses a distinct pillar of the network’s mission, from measurement standardisation to policy translation.

Working Group 1

Spinal Imaging & Surface Topography

Standardise acquisition protocols and establish multicentre reliability for non-ionising spinal imaging and surface reconstruction technologies.

  • 3D ultrasound imaging protocols
  • Surface topography & rasterstereography
  • Cross-device calibration frameworks
  • Multicentre inter-rater reliability studies
Working Group 2

Spinal Assessment, Screening & Guidelines

Develop standardised protocols for instrumented spinal mobility measurement, functional assessment, and clinical screening, and translate evidence into practice guidelines.

  • Electromechanical spinal mobility devices
  • Gait analysis & pedobarography
  • Surface electromyography protocols
  • Clinical screening tools & school programmes
  • European radiation-free assessment guidelines
Working Group 3

Data Integration & AI-Driven Prediction

Build FAIR-compliant multimodal datasets and develop machine learning models for scoliosis curve progression prediction.

  • FAIR open data infrastructure
  • Multimodal data fusion pipelines
  • AI curve progression prediction
  • Open-source analysis toolkits

Why now?

EU SAMIRA Action Plan [4]

The European Commission emphasises radiation dose reduction (ALARA principle) in paediatric imaging, creating a policy window for validated alternatives.

Medical Device Regulation (MDR 2017/745) [5]

Multicentre clinical evidence is now mandatory for novel diagnostic devices. A networking action is essential to coordinate this evidence generation across borders.

School Screening Re-evaluation [6]

Scoliosis screening programmes are being reassessed across Europe, creating demand for a standardised, radiation-free assessment toolkit.

AI Requires Large Multinational Datasets [7]

Machine learning models for curve progression prediction need diverse, multimodal, multinational datasets that no single centre can produce alone.

Our pilot data

Comparison of 3D Ultrasonography, Electromechanical Surface Measurement, and Radiography in Assessing Sagittal Spinal Parameters in AIS

A single-centre pilot study of 19 adolescents with idiopathic scoliosis comparing Scolioscan Air (3D ultrasound), Idiag M360 (electromechanical spinal measurement), and conventional radiography for thoracic kyphosis and lumbar lordosis. Results demonstrate strong thoracic correlation for the Idiag M360 (r = 0.884) and moderate correlation for Scolioscan (r = 0.689), with systematic lumbar underestimation by Scolioscan attributable to differences in anatomical reference layers.

Oral presentation · IRSSD / ScosyM 2026, Novi Sad · Demir E, M’hango A

Building the network

RADFREE-SPINE brings together physiotherapists, orthopaedic surgeons, biomedical engineers, radiologists, and data scientists from across Europe. COST Inclusiveness Target Countries (ITC) are prioritised.

Türkiye Poland Serbia Greece Croatia Romania North Macedonia Italy Germany Switzerland United Kingdom Hong Kong (IPC)

Action timeline

2026
Network building & proposal submission
2027
Protocol development & pilot harmonisation
2028
Multicentre data collection & Training Schools
2029
AI model development & guideline drafting
2030
Clinical validation & policy dissemination
2031
Final handbook & open dataset release

Contact

Researchers, clinicians, and institutions interested in joining the network are welcome to reach out.

Dr. Erdem Demir, PhD
Physiotherapist · Main Proposer & Action Chair
Physiotherapist Dr. Erdem Demir Private Healthcare Unit, Alanya, Türkiye
  1. Konieczny MR, Senyurt H, Krauspe R. Epidemiology of adolescent idiopathic scoliosis. J Child Orthop. 2013;7(1):3–9.
  2. Luo TD, Stans AA, Schueler BA, Larson AN. Cumulative radiation exposure with EOS imaging compared with standard spine radiographs. Spine Deformity. 2015;3(2):144–150.
  3. Ronckers CM, Land CE, Miller JS, Stovall M, Lonstein JE, Doody MM. Cancer mortality among women frequently exposed to radiographic examinations for spinal disorders. Radiat Res. 2010;174(1):83–90.
  4. European Commission. SAMIRA Action Plan – Strategic Agenda for Medical Ionising Radiation Applications. 2021.
  5. Regulation (EU) 2017/745 of the European Parliament and of the Council on medical devices (MDR). Official Journal of the European Union. 2017.
  6. Grivas TB, Wade MH, Negrini S, et al. SOSORT consensus paper: school screening for scoliosis. Where are we today? Scoliosis. 2007;2:17.
  7. Negrini F, Cina A, Ferrario I, et al. Developing a new tool for scoliosis screening using artificial intelligence. Eur Spine J. 2023;32(11):3836–3845.
  8. Zheng YP, Lee TTY, Lai KKL, et al. A reliability and validity study for Scolioscan: a radiation-free scoliosis assessment system using 3D ultrasound imaging. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016;11:13.
  9. Knott P, Papez BJ, Buckle K, et al. Surface topography in clinical practice. SOSORT technical report. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2016;11(Suppl 2):39.
  10. Post RB, Leferink VJM. Spinal mobility: sagittal range of motion measured with the SpinalMouse, a new non-invasive device. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2004;124:187–192.
  11. Negrini S, Donzelli S, Aulisa AG, et al. 2016 SOSORT guidelines: orthopaedic and rehabilitation treatment of idiopathic scoliosis during growth. Scoliosis Spinal Disord. 2018;13:3.
  12. Mannion A, Troke M. A comparison of two motion analysis devices used in the measurement of lumbar spinal mobility. Clin Biomech. 1999;14(9):612–619.